seem >less likely>unlikely> never=far from (한국말로는 ~와는 거리가 있지...)
not really, not all, not necessarily 도 흔히 쓰이는 표현...
'Tips for 의학논문'에 해당되는 글 8건
- 2009.03.13 부정의 단계
- 2009.03.12 고상한 논문 영어
- 2009.02.14 알아두면 편한 논문에 많이 쓰이는 영어식 표현...
- 2009.02.10 논문에서 환자를 기술할 때...
- 2009.02.06 논문의 의의를 얘기 할때...
- 2009.02.04 의학논문의 종류
- 2009.02.01 서론에 많이 쓰이는 구문
- 2009.01.28 병의 진행 상황
study-> investigate
well-known, popular->established, approved, widely-accepted
measure, estimate->determine, assess
want to know->aim
Confirm->ascertain, estalish
So->thus, therefore
Meaning (의미)=implication, significance (의의): 의학에서는 clinical implication, significance라는 말로 쓰입니다...
Worry=concern...
Wonder=Question arise
About=regarding
Speaking of=when it comes to
To my knowledge=As far as I know
There is much concerns regarding....
Look like= seem to, appear , likely to ( less, more, un 을 앞 쪽에 붙여 정도의 표현이 가능~~^^) 인 것 같다
Predispose, precipitate, provoke =초래하다...
Need=warrrant
His symptom worsened over the several weeks 그의 증상 몇주에 걸쳐서 나빠졌다
사물이 주어인 경우가 많고
Advance (progress ) in medical techinc allow many physician more early diagnosis
Much concerns prevented further investigation in patients....
(한국어는 사람이 주어인 경우가 많다..생각해보라...)
수동태가 많다...
|
All members are expected to participate in the discussion of what product to produce. - 모든 회원이 무슨 제품을 생산할지에 대한 토론에 참가할 것으로 예상됩니다.
위 문장을 말한 사람(I)을 주어로 하여 문장을 다시 쓴다면, 다음과 같습니다. * I expect all members to participate in the discussion of what product to produce.
이 문장에서 보듯이 목적어는 "all members"입니다. 그러므로 이 문장을 수동태로 고치면
All members(목적어가 수동태 문장의 주어가 됨) are expected(능동태 문장의 동사는 수통태로 고칠 때 'be + 과거분사'가 됨) to participate in the discussion of what product to produce by me.(능동태의 주어는 수동태에서는 by + 목적격 대명사로 고침. 그런데 이런 말을 하는 사람이 굳이 "나에 의해서 예상된다"고 말할 필요가 있나요? 그래서 생략된 것입니다.)
Parkinson disease is known (found, reported, expected, estimated, believed, thought ) to be common neuro-degenerative disease...이런 문장의 구조 (알려져 있다, 발견 된다, 보고 된다, 기대 된다)는 관찰자가 누구든 상관이 없으므로 흔히 잘 사용 되지요....
뭐 굳이 바꾼다면
Many clinician found parkinson disease to be common....사실 many clinician은 군더더기 입니다...
특별한 누구를 지칭하고 싶다면 쓰는 것이 좋습니다
Recenlty, Yoon et al found parkinson disease to be associated with oxidative stress...
심지어는 주어가 없는 경우가 있습니다
It is time to day good bye..이별 할 시간이다...
It rains 날씨를 나타낼때..
It is only recently that they have begun to appreciate the potential for plastic change in adult brain...
There has been several concerns about safety of intra-arterial thrombolysis...
It is hard to explain
It is possible, difficult, easy,
하지만 it 을 유용히 쓸 줄 안다면 훨씬 더 멋 진 영작을 할 수가 있습니다..
Intra-arterial thrombolysis is highly time-consuming and laboring works, making it difficult to practice in local clinic
|
Patients aged 21 years or older 21세 이상의 환자들
Patients diagnosed as PD according to Yoon Criteria
Patient with PD who were treated with sinemet....
너무 길때는 Following이라는 좋은 단어가 있지 않은가~~~~~
약을 투여하다라는 표현은
The egg suspension was administered orally to the mice using a
syringe fitted with a blunt needle.
Uncovering the underlying genetics leads to an understanding about disease pathophysiology
Genetic risk factors may provide clues into modifiable environmental risk factor
Genetic variant and molecules identified through genetic studies can serve as biomarkers to identify at risk population for disease prevention
Knowledge about genetic risk factor may allow for personalized medicine in the future.
This review has highlighted many methodological shortcomings in the studies reviewed; further high-quality trials need to be published. Evidence-based guidelines rather than therapist preference should serve as a framework from which therapists should derive the most effective treatment.
크게 case와 original research가 있습니다
1. Case를 보고하는 목적은 다양합니다
가장 흔한 것은 어떤 병의 다양한 presentation을 보고 하는 것과
(하지만 이런식의 보고는 점점 줄어들 가능성이 큽니다..외냐하면 세월이 지날수록 다양한 형태의 보고가 많아 지기 때문이죠...사실 이런 보고는 90년대에 많습니다)
ex) isolated vertigo syndrome as predominent features of AICA infacrtion
다음은 아주 드문 (여러명 모으기가 힘든병)의 새로운 pathogenesis나 치료법을 한 경우 입니다
2. orginal research
는 의사가 좀더 적극적으로 할 수 있는 영역이 큰 분야 입니다
case는 환자가 오는 것을 기다려야 하지만
research는 의사가 관심있는 부분을 먼저 연구 할 수있기 때문입니다...
여러명의 환자를 아무런 개입을 하지 않고
관찰하는 case-control 이 있으며
치료를 한 군 안한 군 나누는
Observational
Although much is known about
Because little is known about
Although there have growing( accumulating) evidence about (supporing)
although much advance (progress) has been made, the pathophysiology is not unknown....
In the Western world, the Bobath Concept or neurodevelopmental treatment is the most popular treatment approach used in stroke rehabilitation, yet the superiority of the Bobath Concept as the optimal type of treatment has not been established.->not certain도 좋지만 이것이 좀 더 세련된 표현....
established는 참 많이 쓰이는 표현이니 잘 알아두자....!!!
Whether the subsequent decline represents a true decrease in risk remains to be established.
However, the long-term risk of developing neurodegeneration in patients with idiopathic RBD has not been established.
Subthalamic deep brain stimulation (STN DBS) is an established (most popular or most widely used) treatment for motor fluctuations in PD.
With recent progress of,
In a cohort of 56 patients, these criteria were specific (95%) but less sensitive (58%) for clinically definite multiple sclerosis at 3 years. If new T2 lesions were allowed as an alternative for dissemination in time, sensitivity increased (74%) with maintained specificity (92%), enabling an accurate diagnosis of multiple sclerosis in more patients.
enable은 문장 뒤에서 ing의 형태로 좀 더 근사한 표현을 해준다 (which enables가 생량된 표현이라고 볼 수있다)
High-field strength MR scanners are improving our ability to image focal GM lesions and modern MR-based techniques are enabling us to quantify in vivo the extent and severity of GM pathology, which have been shown to correlate only moderately with the amount of WM changes.
Parkinson's disease is a chronic neurodegenerative disease charaterized by the selective loss od dopaminergic neurons and the presence of Lewy bodies
역시 문장 뒤에 수동태인 characterized 가 오면서 좀 더 근사한 표현이 된다 (which is charaerized)
The classical view of MS as a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease leading to the formation of focal central nervous system (CNS) white matter (WM) lesions
Recent progress allow (enable)
With the advancement of ,
사실 Progress 나 advancement나 development와 비슷하지만 논문에서는 많이 쓴다..
sth is reported to
Sth is found to
Sth is known to
Sth is estimated to
Sth is expected to...
dud not Focus on
There is still doubt about the pathogenesis
Remained unsettled
Remained to be established....
Controversial.....
Concerning=regarding...
나빠짐 표현
progress
Exacerbate
aggravate
Spread
evolve
Development
Deteriorate
Persist
좋아짐
improve
disappear
ameliorate
Alleviate 고통을 완화시키다
Relieve 고통을 경감시키다...
Resolve
Cure
Worsen
재발
Recur
Relapse